<title>STDIN, STDOUT, STDERR</title> 
<body bgcolor="#ffffcc">
<hr>
<center>
<h1>STDIN, STDOUT, STDERR</h1> 
</center>
<hr>
<p>
These three file pointers are 
automatically defined when a program
executes and provide access to the keyboard and screen.
<p>

<h2>stdin</h2>

By default <b>stdin</b> accesses the keyboard. Functions that read 
stdin include...
<ul>
<li><a href=../FUNCTIONS/gets.html>gets</a> 
<li><a href=../FUNCTIONS/getchar.html>getchar</a> 
</ul>
The following functions can access <b>stdin</b>
<ul>
<li>fgets
<li>fgetc
<li>fscanf
</ul>
<a href=../EXAMPLES/stdin.c><img src=../../GRAPHICS/computer.gif></a>
stdin example program.
<h2>stdout</h2>
stdout sends data to the screen. Functions that write to stdout
include....
<ul>
<li><a href=../FUNCTIONS/printf.html>printf</a> 
<li><a href=../FUNCTIONS/puts.html>puts</a> 
<li>putchar
</ul>
<h2>stderr</h2>

stderr also writes to the screen. If you are using a Unix based system
the data sent to stdout and stderr can be seperated and sent to 
different places.

Functions that could write to stderr include...

<ul>
<li>fprintf
<li>fputs
</ul>

<hr>
<p>
<center>
<table border=2 width=80% bgcolor=ivory>
<tr align=center>
<td width=25%>
<a href="../cref.html" target="_top">Top</a>
</td><td width=25%>
<a href="../master_index.html" target="_top">Master Index</a>
</td><td width=25%>
<a href="../SYNTAX/keywords.html" target="_top">C Keywords</a>
</td><td width=25%>
<a href="../FUNCTIONS/funcref.htm" target="_top">Functions</a>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</center>
<p>

<hr>
If you wish to create file pointers to perform I/O to other devices 
you should use <a href=../FUNCTIONS/fopen.html>fopen</a>
<hr>
<address><a href=../../address.html>Martin Leslie</a> 
<script language="JavaScript">
<!--  //
document.write(document.lastModified);
// -->
</script>
</address><p>

